One study found that among patients with back pain severity is worse if spina bifida occulta is present. However other studies suggest spina bifida occulta is not always harmless. More recent studies not included in the review support the negative findings. Ī systematic review of radiographic research studies found no relationship between spina bifida occulta and back pain. Many people with this type of spina bifida do not even know they have it, as the condition is asymptomatic in most cases. This is because, unlike in most of the other neural tube defects, the dural lining is maintained. Unlike most other types of neural tube defects, spina bifida occulta is not associated with increased AFP, a common screening tool used to detect neural tube defects in utero. ALLIANCE SPINE AND PAIN SKINThe skin at the site of the lesion may be normal, or it may have some hair growing from it there may be a dimple in the skin, or a birthmark. The splits in the vertebrae are so small that the spinal cord does not protrude. In occulta, the outer part of some of the vertebrae is not completely closed. This is the mildest form of spina bifida. ĭifferent types of spina bifida Spina bifida occulta Europeans are at higher risk compared to Africans. In India, it affects about 1.9 per 1,000 births. On average, in developed countries, including the United States, it occurs in about 0.4 per 1,000 births. Rates of other types of spina bifida vary significantly by country, from 0.1 to 5 per 1,000 births. Urinary catheterization may also be needed. Devices to help with movement such as crutches or wheelchairs may be useful. A shunt may be needed in those with hydrocephalus, and a tethered spinal cord may be surgically repaired. Open spina bifida can be surgically closed before or after birth. Adding folic acid to flour has been found to be effective for most women. Most cases of spina bifida can be prevented if the mother gets enough folate before and during pregnancy. Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect related to but distinct from other types such as anencephaly and encephalocele. Medical imaging can confirm the diagnosis after birth. Ultrasound examination may also detect the problem. Before birth, if a blood test or amniocentesis finds a high level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), there is a higher risk of spina bifida. Diagnosis may occur either before or after a child is born. Other risk factors include certain antiseizure medications, obesity and poorly controlled diabetes. Not having enough folate ( vitamin B 9) in the diet before and during pregnancy also plays a significant role. After having one child with the condition, or if one of the parents has the condition, there is a 4% chance that the next child will also be affected. Spina bifida is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Learning problems are relatively uncommon. Problems associated with this form include poor ability to walk, impaired bladder or bowel control, accumulation of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus), a tethered spinal cord and latex allergy. Myelomeningocele, also known as open spina bifida, is the most severe form. Meningocele typically causes mild problems, with a sac of fluid present at the gap in the spine. Occulta has no or only mild signs, which may include a hairy patch, dimple, dark spot or swelling on the back at the site of the gap in the spine. The most common location is the lower back, but in rare cases it may be in the middle back or neck. Meningocele and myelomeningocele may be grouped as spina bifida cystica. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. Spina bifida (Latin for 'split spine' SB ) is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. Lack of folate during pregnancy, certain antiseizure medications, obesity, poorly controlled diabetes ġ5% (occulta), 0.1– births (others) Poor ability to walk, problems with bladder or bowel control, hydrocephalus, tethered spinal cord, latex allergy Hairy patch, dimple, dark spot, swelling on the lower back Pediatrics, neurosurgery, rehabilitation medicine Illustration of a child with spina bifida
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